Iitoti zesiselo ziphakathi kwezona phakheji zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiziselo kwihlabathi liphela. Ngobunzima bazo obukhaphukhaphu, ukuqina, kunye nobuchule bokugcina ubutsha, ezi toti ziyinto eqhelekileyo phantse kuzo zonke iivenkile ezinkulu, iivenkile ezithengisa izinto eziluncedo, kunye nomatshini wokuthengisa. Ngapha koko, ishishini lokupakisha liye lakhula laba licandelo elikhulu lehlabathi, eliqhutywa zizinto ezitsha kwizinto zokusebenza kunye neenkqubo zokuvelisa. Kodwa ngaba ubusazi ukuba inkqubo yokwenziwa kwezi toti zibonakala zilula ilawulwa yimigangatho emininzi ye-ISO? Kweli nqaku, siza kuphonononga eyona migangatho ifanelekileyo ye-ISO iitoti zesiselo , ngakumbi ezo zenziwe nge -aluminium , kwaye zixoxe ngokubaluleka kwazo ekuqinisekiseni umgangatho, ukhuseleko, kunye nokuzinza kwendalo.
Yintoni uMgangatho we-ISO?
I-International Organisation for Standardization (ISO) ngumbutho wamazwe ngamazwe ozimeleyo, ongekho phantsi korhulumente ophuhlisa kwaye upapashe imigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe. Le migangatho ibandakanya uluhlu olubanzi lwezifundo kunye namashishini, kubandakanywa ukhuseleko lokutya, ulawulo lokusingqongileyo, ulawulo lomgangatho, kunye neenkqubo zokuvelisa. Eyona njongo iphambili yemigangatho ye-ISO kukuqinisekisa ukungaguquguquki, ukhuseleko, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kurhwebo lwehlabathi, ukwenziwa kwemveliso, kunye nezenzo zokusingqongileyo.
Kwiitoti zesiselo, imigangatho ye-ISO ibeka imilinganiselo kuyo yonke into ukusuka kwimilinganiselo kunye nezinto ezisetyenziselwa iindlela zokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nokulawula umgangatho ngexesha lemveliso.
ImiGangatho ePhambili ye-ISO eFanelekileyo kwiiNkonkxa zesiSiselo
1. ISO 3004-1: 1979-Izikhongozeli zentsimbi ezitywiniweyo zeHermetically kukutya neziselo
Lo mgangatho we-ISO ugxininise ngokukodwa kwiimfuno ze-dimensional for metal cans , kubandakanywa nezo zisetyenziselwa iziselo. Iinkonkxa zesiselo ezenziwe ngealuminiyam zihlelwa njengezikhongozeli ezitywiniweyo. I-ISO 3004-1: I-1979 ibeka izikhokelo zokwenziwa kweetoti zokutya ezijikelezayo, ezivulekileyo, ezijoliswe ngokubanzi kunye nokukwazi ukumelana neemeko ezahlukeneyo ngexesha lokuthutha kunye nokugcinwa. Lo mgangatho ubalulekile ekugcineni ingqibelelo yesiselo ngaphakathi kunye nokuthintela ukungcoliseka kwezinto zangaphandle ezifana nomoya, ukukhanya kunye nokufuma.
IiMfuno eziphambili:
Ibonelela ngezikhokelo ze- aluminiyam imilinganiselo yetoti, iqinisekisa ukuba iyahambelana noomatshini bokugcwalisa obukhoyo kunye nokutywinwa.
Iidilesi imfuno iyunifomu can ubungakanani ukuqinisekisa ukuhambelana nemigca yemveliso.
Iqinisekisa ukuba iinkonkxa zinokugcina isitywina sabo se-hermetic, ukuthintela ukuvuza kunye nokungcoliseka.
Kubavelisi, lo mgangatho ubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuba iinkonkxa zabo ziyahlangabezana nokhuseleko oluyimfuneko kunye nemigangatho yomgangatho.
2. ISO 1361: 1983 -IiDamitha ezicetyiswayo zePlati yentsimbi ejikelezayo kunye neeNkonkxa zeAluminium
I-ISO 1361: I-1983 ibeka iidayamitha ezicetyiswayo kwiipleyiti zentsimbi ezingqukuva kwaye iinkonkxa ze-aluminiyam zisetyenziswe kushishino lokutya nesiselo. Ekubeni iitoti zesiselo kufuneka zilungele ngokugqibeleleyo kuzo zombini iimatshini zokuzalisa kunye neeracks zokugcina, imilinganiselo echanekileyo ye-can ibaluleke kakhulu. Lo mgangatho ujolise ekuqinisekiseni ukuba zonke iitoti zokusela ezisetyenziselwa ukutya kunye neziselo zenziwa kwisayizi efanayo, ukunciphisa amathuba okungasebenzi kakuhle komatshini ngexesha lokuzalisa okanye ukutywinwa kweenkqubo.
IiMfuno eziphambili:
Ichaza imilinganiselo echanekileyo yeetoti zesiselo, ngakumbi malunga nobukhulu kunye nobude.
Iqinisekisa ukuba iinkonkxa zesiselo zinokuzaliswa kwaye zitywinwe ngaphandle kokuvuza okanye umngcipheko wosulelo.
Ukulinganisa kunobungakanani kulo lonke ushishino, ukubonelela abavelisi ngereferensi yokugcina ukuhambelana.
Ukuphunyezwa kwalo mgangatho kunceda ukuphepha iimpazamo zemveliso kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba iinkonkxa zesiselo zihambelana nobukhulu kunye nokuma, ekugqibeleni kwandisa ukwaneliseka kwabathengi.
3. ISO 9001: 2015 - IiNkqubo zoLawulo loMgangatho
Ngelixa i-ISO 9001:2015 ingagxininisi ngokuthe ngqo kwiitoti zesiselo, idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo yolawulo lomgangatho jikelele weenkampani ezenza ezi toti. I-ISO 9001 ngumgangatho obeka imigaqo yenkqubo yolawulo lomgangatho (QMS), egxininisa ekwanelisekeni kwabathengi kunye nokuphucula okuqhubekayo. Kuba abavelisi banako ukwenza isiselo, ukubambelela kulo mgangatho uqinisekisa ukuba iinkqubo zabo zemveliso zichazwe kakuhle, zisebenza kakuhle, kwaye ziyakwazi ukuvelisa iinkonkxa ezikumgangatho ophezulu ngokungaguqukiyo.
IziNzuzo eziPhambili:
Uqinisekisa ukuba abavelisi bahlala behlangabezana nokulindelwe ngabathengi kunye neemfuno zolawulo.
Uphumeza iinkqubo eziqhubekayo zokuphucula ukunyusa ukusebenza kakuhle kwemigca yemveliso.
Ukwandisa ukuthembeka jikelele kunye nomgangatho weetoti zesiselo ezigqityiweyo.
Ngokulandela i-ISO 9001, abavelisi banokunciphisa iziphene zemveliso, baqinisekise umgangatho ophezulu wemveliso, kwaye bagcine ubudlelwane obuluqilima nabathengi.
4. ISO 14001: 2015 - IiNkqubo zoLawulo lokusiNgqongileyo
Kwihlabathi lanamhlanje, uzinzo kunye nokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo kubaluleke kakhulu kunangaphambili. I-ISO 14001:2015 ibeka isakhelo sokuphumeza inkqubo yolawulo lwendalo esingqongileyo esebenzayo (EMS). Kubenzi beetoti zesiselo , lo mgangatho unceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba iinkqubo zokuvelisa zinciphisa iimpembelelo ezimbi zokusingqongileyo. Nokuba ngokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla, ukunciphisa inkcitho, okanye ukukhuthaza ukurisayikilishwa, i-ISO 14001 ibonelela ngezikhokelo zokudala inkqubo yemveliso eluhlaza.
IziNzuzo eziPhambili:
Uqinisekisa ukusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kwemithombo efana namanzi, amandla, kunye nezinto ezikrwada.
Inceda ukunciphisa inkunkuma kwaye ikhuthaze ukurisayikilisha, ngakumbi njengoko iinkonkxa ze-aluminiyam ziphinda zisetyenziswe.
Ukunciphisa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo yeenkqubo zokuvelisa, ukulungelelanisa neenjongo zokuzinza kwihlabathi.
Ngenxa yokubaluleka okukhulayo kwezenzo ezilungele indalo, lo mgangatho ubalulekile kwisiselo esinokwenziwa ngabavelisi abafuna ukuhlangabezana nolindelo lwabathengi malunga nokuzinza kunye noxanduva lweshishini.
5. ISO 22000: 2018 - IiNkqubo zoLawulo loKhuseleko lokutya
Iitoti zesiselo zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukuqulatha iziselo eziselwa zizigidi zabantu kwihlabathi jikelele. Ke ngoko, ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwezi ziselo kubalulekile. I-ISO 22000: 2018 ibeka imilinganiselo yeenkqubo zokulawula ukhuseleko lokutya (FSMS), eziyilelwe ukuchonga nokulawula iingozi zokhuseleko lokutya kuyo yonke inkqubo yokuvelisa. Kuba isiselo unako abavelisi, ukubambelela kulo mgangatho iqinisekisa ukuba iinkonkxa musa igalelo kwizigulo ukutya kwaye inkqubo yemveliso ibambelela kucoceko olungqongqo kunye neeprothokholi zokhuseleko.
IziNzuzo eziPhambili:
Inceda abavelisi beziselo ukuba bachonge kwaye banciphise umngcipheko wokhuseleko lokutya ngexesha lenkqubo yokwenziwa.
Uqinisekisa ukuba izinto zokupakisha, ezifana neetoti ze-aluminium , zikhuselekile kwaye zilungele ukusetyenziswa kokutya kunye nesiselo.
Ibonelela ngendlela ecwangcisiweyo yokubeka iliso kunye nokulawula iingozi zokhuseleko lokutya kwinkqubo yemveliso.
Ngokuthobela i-ISO 22000, abavelisi banokuqinisekisa ukuba iitoti zabo zesiselo zikhuselekile ukuba zingasetyenziswa kwaye azibeki mngcipheko kwimpilo yabathengi.
6. ISO 6743-3: 2003 - Izithambisi, i-Oli yoShishino, kunye neeMveliso ezinxulumeneyo
Ngelixa lo mgangatho ujongana ikakhulu neeoyile zeshishini kunye nezinto zokuthambisa, ukwafanelekile kwishishini lemveliso yesiselo. Ukuveliswa kweetoti ze-aluminium kufuna ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezahlukeneyo zokuthambisa kunye neoli ukuqinisekisa iinkqubo zokuvelisa ezigudileyo, ezifana nokunyathela kunye nokwenza. I-ISO 6743-3: I-2003 ibonelela ngezikhokelo zokukhetha kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-lubricant kumashishini anxulumene nokutya kunye nesiselo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-oyile kunye ne-lubricant esetyenziswayo ayingcolisi iitoti okanye iziselo ezingaphakathi.
IziNzuzo eziPhambili:
Uqinisekisa ukuba izithambiso ezisetyenziswa kwinkqubo yokuvelisa azibeki mngcipheko wongcoliseko kwiitoti okanye kwiziselo.
Ibonelela ngezikhokelo zokukhetha izithambiso ezifanelekileyo zokuphucula inkqubo yokuvelisa.
Inceda ukugcina umgangatho weetoti ze-aluminiyam ngokuqinisekisa ukuba akukho zintsalela ezinobungozi ezishiywe ngexesha lemveliso.
Kubavelisi banokwenza isiselo, lo mgangatho ubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuba zonke izinto kunye neenkqubo ezibandakanyekayo kwimveliso zikhuselekile kwaye zifanelekile kwizicelo zodidi lokutya.
Ukubaluleka kokumiselwa koMgangatho kwiMveliso yeSiselo iSinga
1. Ukuqinisekisa uKhuseleko kunye noMgangatho
Esona sizathu sibalulekileyo sokubambelela kwimigangatho ye-ISO kukuqinisekisa ukuba iinkonkxa zesiselo ziyahlangabezana nokhuseleko oluyimfuneko kunye nemigangatho yomgangatho. Ngokulandela imigangatho ye-ISO, abavelisi banokuqinisekisa ukuba iinkonkxa zabo azinaziphene, ungcoliseko, okanye nayiphi na imiba enokubeka esichengeni umgangatho okanye ukhuseleko lwesiselo ngaphakathi. Oku kubekwa emgangathweni kunceda ukuthintela ukukhunjuzwa kweendleko, kuphucula ukwaneliseka kwabathengi, kwaye kukhusele isidima sohlobo.
2. Ukuququzelela uRhwebo lweHlabathi
Imigangatho ye-ISO ikwaququzelela urhwebo lwehlabathi. Ngokuthobela imigangatho eyaziwayo kumazwe ngamazwe, abavelisi banokuqinisekisa ukuba iinkonkxa zabo zesiselo ziyahlangabezana neemfuno zeemarike zamazwe ngamazwe. Oku kuvumela iinkampani ukuba zingene kwiimarike ezintsha kwaye zandise indawo yazo yehlabathi. Ngaphandle kwemigangatho ye-ISO, iinkampani zinokusokola ukufumana imvume kubalawuli abakwamanye amazwe, nto leyo ekhokelela ekulibazisekeni okuneendleko ezinkulu kunye nokusilela okunokwenzeka.
3. Ukuphucula ukuSebenza ngokuSebenzayo
Imigangatho ye-ISO ikwanceda ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kakuhle ngokubonelela ngezikhokelo ezicacileyo kwiinkqubo zokuvelisa. Le migangatho inceda ukulungelelanisa ukuhamba komsebenzi wemveliso, ukunciphisa inkunkuma, kunye nokunciphisa iimpazamo ngexesha lenkqubo yokuvelisa. Abavelisi abathobela imigangatho ye-ISO banokufikelela kumaxesha okutshintsha ngokukhawuleza, banciphise iindleko zemveliso, kwaye baphucule inzuzo yonke.
4. Ukukhuthaza uZinzo lokuSingqongileyo
Ngokukhula kweenkxalabo malunga nokutshintsha kwemozulu kunye nokuzinza kwendalo, ukuthobela i-ISO 14001: i-2015 kubaluleke kakhulu kunanini ngaphambili. Isiselo sinokuthi abavelisi kulindeleke ukuba banciphise indawo yabo yekhabhoni, banciphise inkunkuma, kwaye baqinisekise ukuba ukupakishwa kwabo kuyasebenziseka kwakhona. Ngokulandela imigangatho yokusingqongileyo, abavelisi banokufaka isandla kwikamva elizinzileyo kwaye bahlangabezane nolindelo lwabathengi abakhulayo be-eco-conscious.
Ukuqukumbela
Umzi mveliso wesiselo ulawulwa yimigangatho eyahlukeneyo ye-ISO, nganye kuzo idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ukuba iinkonkxa ze-aluminiyam zikhuselekile, ziyasebenza, kwaye zinoxanduva lokusingqongileyo. Ukususela kwi-ISO 3004-1: i-1979, elawula imilinganiselo yeetoti, ukuya kwi-ISO 22000: 2018, eqinisekisa ukhuseleko lokutya, le migangatho ibonelela ngesakhelo esibanzi sokwenza isiselo abavelisi kwihlabathi jikelele. Ngokuthobela le migangatho, iinkampani azinakuqinisekisa kuphela ukhuseleko kunye nomgangatho weemveliso zazo kodwa zikwaphucula ukusebenza kakuhle, ukukhuthaza uzinzo, kunye nokwandisa urhwebo lwehlabathi. Njengoko abathengi besanda befuna umgangatho ophezulu kunye nokupakishwa okuzinzileyo, kucacile ukuba le migangatho ye-ISO iya kuqhubeka nokubumba ikamva lemveliso yesiselo.
EShandong Jinzhou Health Industry Co., Ltd , besibonelela ngeetoti ze-aluminiyam ezikumgangatho ophezulu ngaphezu kweminyaka eyi-19, kuquka iitoti zebhiya kunye neetoti zesiselo . Ngamava ethu abanzi okuthengisa kumazwe angaphandle kunye nobuhlakani obucwangcisiweyo kunye nababoneleli abaziwayo. Sinikezela ngezisombululo zokumisa ibhiya kunye nemigca yokuvelisa isiselo, kubandakanywa ukupakishwa kunye neenkonzo zoyilo loyilo loshicilelo. Ukuzibophelela kwethu kumgangatho, ukusebenza kakuhle, kunye nokwaneliseka kwabathengi kusenze saba yinkokeli kushishino, kwaye sinovuyo lokuqhubeka nokuzisa izisombululo zokupakisha ezingcono ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zakho.
