Ibhiya Sesona siselo sidala soTywala kuBantu

Ibhiya yeyona indala isiselo esinxilisayo soluntu kunye nesesithathu isiselo esisetyenzisiweyo emhlabeni emva kwamanzi kunye neti. Ibhiya sisiselo esinxilisayo esenziwe ngemalt yebhali, iihops kunye namanzi ngokubiliswa kolwelo.

Ibhiya (Beer) luhlobo lwengqolowa yengqolowa kunye ne-malt yerhasi njengezona zinto ziphambili ekrwada, kwaye yongeza i-hops, ngokusebenzisa i-gelatinization engamanzi kunye ne-saccharification, kwaye emva koko ngokuvutshelwa kolwelo ukwenza isiselo esinxilisayo. Olona phawu lusisiseko lwebhiya kwimbali kukusetyenziswa kwezityalo eziziinkozo njengezona zinto zisisiseko ekrwada. Igama 'ibhiya' liguqulelwe kwi-homonym yangaphandle. Ibhiya inotywala obuncinane yaye inekharbon diokside, iindidi ngeendidi zeeamino acids, iivithamin, iswekile ephantsi yeemolekyuli, iityuwa ezingaphiliyo nezinye iienzymes ezahlukahlukeneyo. Ukuba usela ibhiya, unokusela kunye nokutya okuncinci ukunqanda ukuphinda kwegawuthi. Ibhiya ibizwa ngokuba 'isonka esilulwelo'. I-1L12°Bx ibhiya, inokuvelisa ubushushu obungama-3344kJ, okulingana namaqanda ama-3 ~ 5 okanye i-210g yesonka esivelisa ubushushu, umsebenzi wezandla okhanyayo, ukuba usuku inokusela i-1L yobhiya , inokufumana isithathu sobushushu obufunekayo.

Ibhiya yaziswa eChina ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20 kwaye yiwayini engaqhelekanga. Ibhiya iguqulelwa ukusuka kwibhiya yesiNgesi ukuya kwihomonym yesiTshayina ethi 'beer', ebizwa ngokuba 'ibhiya'.

Thatha igama elithi 'ibhiya' lebhiya, elingekhoyo kwisichazi-magama sesiTshayina kwixesha elidlulileyo. Kamva, ngokwegama langaphandle lebhiya, njengeJamani, iNetherlands ebizwa ngokuthi 'Bier'; 'Ibhiya' eBritani; Biere eFransi; Birre eItali; I-Romania ebizwa ngokuthi 'iBerea' kwaye njalo, ezi lwimi zasemzini ziqulethe igama elithi 'ibhiya' isandi, ngoko liguqulelwe kwigama lesiTshayina elithi 'beer' ukudala lo mlinganiswa wolwimi lwasemzini, kwaye ngenxa yesixa esithile sotywala, ngoko ke uguqulelo lusebenzise igama elithi 'ubhiya'. Kungenxa ye-malt yebhali njengeyona nto iphambili, ngoko ke amaJapan abiza ibhiya 'ale'.

Ibhiya sesona siselo sidala sinxilisayo eluntwini kwaye sesesithathu isiselo esisetyenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni emva kwamanzi kunye neti. Ibhiya isekelwe kwi-barley malt, iihops, amanzi njengeyona mveliso iphambili, evundiswe yigwele elenziwe kutywala obuphantsi obuqulathe ikharbon diokside. Uninzi lwebhiya yezizwe ngezizwe yongeza izinto ezincedisayo, kwaye amanye amazwe amisela ukuba isixa esipheleleyo sezinto ezincedisayo azidluli kuma-50% emali ye-malt. EJamani, akukho zithako zincedisayo zisetyenziswa kuyo nayiphi na ibhiya ethengiswa ekhaya ngaphandle kokuthunyelwa ngaphandle. I-Blue Monument kwiMyuziyam yaseLouvre eParis irekhoda amaSumer eBhabhiloni ngenkulungwane yesithathu BC enikezela ngebhiya koothixokazi babo. AmaSumeri ayekwangabo abaqulunqi bebhiya. AmaSumer, awayehlala eMesopotamiya ngaphambi kwe6000 BC, enza ibhiya yakudala ngemalt yebhali, kodwa ibhiya yayingenasityebi kwigwebu. Malunga ne-3000 BC, abantu baseSemitic basePersi bafunda ukwenza ibhiya, kwaye babhala indlela yokwenza ibhiya kwiibhodi ezinikezelwe kuthixokazi wezolimo. Ngo-2225 BC, ibhiya yaba yinto eyaziwayo phakathi kwamaBhabhiloni amandulo, awayehambisa ibhiya kwiindwendwe. Ngelo xesha, amaYiputa amandulo namaBhabhiloni amandulo aliphawula ixabiso lebhiya yaye lalisetyenziselwa ukwenza iyeza. AmaGrike nawo ayekuthanda kakhulu ukusela ibhiya, yaye afunda indlela yokwenza ngayo kumaYiputa. Ngenkulungwane yesi-4, ibhiya yayisele isasazeke kuwo wonke uMntla Yurophu. 

Iindidi zebhiya zaqala ukuba zizityebi, apho iBritane ixube ubusi kunye namanzi kwimead yeyona idumileyo. Ukuvela kwebhiya emnyama eNgilani nayo idume kakhulu, kwaye ifana ngokusondeleyo nebhiya yanamhlanje emnyama. Ngenkulungwane yokuqala ye-AD, ama-Irish ayezenzela ibhiya yawo efana ne-pale ale yanamhlanje. Ngomnyaka ka 1516, uWilhelm IV, iGrand Duke yaseBavaria, wakhupha umthetho waseJamani weBeer Pure Wine Law, owawuchaza ukuba ibhiya inokwenziwa kuphela ngeehops, ingqolowa, yeast kunye namanzi. Ikwangumthetho wokuqala wokutya. Ngenkulungwane ye-19, ukuveliswa kwesikhenkcisi kwakhokelela ekuqaliseni kobushushu obuphantsi bokuguga kwebhiya, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekubeni ibhiya ibe negwebu. Ngowe-1900, amagcisa aseRashiya aqala aseka iindawo zokusebenzela ibhiya eHarbin, eTshayina, aza amaTshayina aqalisa ukusela ibhiya. Ngomnyaka we-1903, iBritane kunye namaJamani aseka i-Anglo-German Brewery e-China, eyayiyi-predecessor ye-Qingdao Brewery. Inkcazo yokuveliswa kwebhiya kukusetyenziswa kweenkozo ezihlumayo njengezinto eziluhlaza, ngokusila, i-saccharification, i-fermentation kunye nezinye iinkqubo. Ngokwemigangatho yangoku yemveliso yesizwe, inkcazo yebhiya yile: 'ibhiya yimalt njengeyona nto iphambili ekrwada, yongeza iihops, ezivutshelwe ngegwele lokubilisa, equlethe igesi yecarbon dioxide, ephuphumayo isiselo esinxilisayo esinegwebu'. Kwi-China yamandulo, kwakukho isiselo esinxilisayo esifana nebhiya, esasibizwa ngokuba yiLi yiyamandulo.Emva koBukhosi baseHan, uLi wapheliswa yiwayini yerayisi ephuzi eyenziwe kwiJiuqu. Ukusukela ekupheleni kwe-Qing Dynasty, itekhnoloji yokuvelisa ibhiya yangaphandle yaziswa eTshayina. NjengamaMesopotamiya amandulo kunye namaYiputa amandulo, i-ale yaseTshayina yamandulo yenziwa ngamathupha okuziinkozo, okubizwa ngokuba yindlela yokulima. Kukho irekhodi ye-mash Li kwi-Huangdi Neijing. Ngenxa yokutshintsha kwamaxesha, i-li eyenziwe ngeenkozo eziziinkozo yanyamalala, kodwa iwayini eswiti eyenziwe ngejiu Qu, eyayifana nencasa yeLi, yahlala. Kumaxesha amandulo, abantu babewubiza ngokuba nguLi. Ke ngoko, kukholelwa ngokubanzi ukuba akukho bhiya eTshayina ukusukela kumaxesha amandulo. Nangona kunjalo, ngokweenkcukacha zakudala, i-China sele ikwazi kakuhle indlela yokuvelisa i-tillers kunye nendlela yokwenza i-caramel kwi-tillers. Zombini iwayini kunye noLi zazikho eTshayina, kodwa uLi wathatyathelwa indawo yiwayini. Apha senza uphando ukucacisa le ngxaki

I-Shandong Jinzhou Health Industry Co., LTD., igxile ekwenzeni ibhiya iminyaka emininzi, inefektri yokuzalisa ibhiya, isebenzisa itekhnoloji yesiNtu yokuvubela, yenza lonke ithontsi lemveliso yobugcisa, ukuxhasa ukuthengisa ngaphandle, ukwenza ngokwezifiso, zonke iintlobo zebhiya, iziselo ezinxilisayo.